Short Tip: Get File Extension In Shell script
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If you want to persist the new language mode for that file type, you can use the Configure File Association for command to associate the current file extension with an installed language.
Are you used to keyboard shortcuts from another editor? You can install a Keymap extension that brings the keyboard shortcuts from your favorite editor to VS Code. Go to Preferences > Migrate Keyboard Shortcuts from... to see the current list on the Marketplace. Some of the more popular ones:
From the explorer you can open a script in the editor, run it as a task, and launch it with the node debugger (when the script defines a debug option like --inspect-brk). The default action on click is to open the script. To run a script on a single click, set npm.scriptExplorerAction to "run". Use the setting npm.exclude to exclude scripts in package.json files contained in particular folders.
Now sometimes you need it the other way around, you might want to have the file extension. There are of course hundreds of ways to do so, but I found this one appealing since it also shows how the command awk works (which I should learn a bit better I think):
I really like this solution, piping the filenames to sed 's/.*\///' | grep -oE "(^[^.]*$|\.[^0-9]*\..*$)" | sort -u. The grep regex portion of the answer is pretty complicated because it needs to remove the portion of the extensions which contain numbers 0-9.
Looking at the source code of join.py mentioned in this tip, I realized it'd be easy to adapt it into a script to do the opposite: to split a PDF file into several files given a sequence of splitting points (in terms of page numbers). This is exactly what I did: you can download the script splitPDF.py and use it like this (make sure you did "chmod a+x splitPDF.py" dance):
For some of us, sometimes we need to join/combine/concatenate multiple PDF files into one PDF file for some reason. There have been multiple ways to achieve this without buying extra piece of software. If you're a Tiger (OS X 10.4.x) user, things are even a bit easier - it turns out a Python script has already been written for us by those kind Apple engineers - this script is located at
rsync is a very flexible and powerful tool - you can even do backup with a remote server. But I'll only show how you can backup your files to an external drive (or to a different directory) - do a 'man rsync' to learn the other goodies it offers. Here is the little script for this purpose:
The SOURCE_DIRS is a list of folders you want to backup - they are specified relative to your home folder, and are separated using colon (`:') - so in the script the directory "~/Downloaded stuff" (note that space in a directory's name is okay) will be backed up. The TARGET_DIR is the place where you want to store the backup files: in this case an external drive with name ''External Drive'' is used (again note that space in the path is okay) - the backup files will be deposited directly under the root directory of that drive. Feel free to customize both variables to suit your needs. (thanks to Paul Henrich for pointing me to the space-related problems)
Note a crucial option is added to the rsync line (thanks to Patrick Cunningham and Brian Ashe): the '-E' switch is a special addition to the Mac's built-in rsync, which copies extended attributes and resource forks that are used in the HFS/HFS+ filesystem. To make sure the right version of rsync is used, I hard coded the path of rsync in the script.
As UNIX users we all know that the way to set up PATH variable (or other environment variables) is to do that either in our .bash_profile (if the default shell is bash) or .tcsh file (if the default shell is tcsh). Unfortunately the graphical apps do not get their paths from those settings. To do that you need to create a file ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist and add your settings there. This document at Apple will tell you the details.
First, you need to create the following script: copy and paste the content below into a file, say, smtp.py (`py' is the default extension for Python scripts). Make sure you change the line "smtpHost=..." to point to an SMTP server you are allowed to use. Now make it executable by doing "chmod a+x smtp.py".
After about 30-40 minutes (depending on the speed of your machine), the building process should finish. You can then do cd emacs.build; make install to install the whole thing. But better yet, create a shell script emacs_install with the following content:
and it will tell you the IP address of each connection, together with the music file the connection is listening to. lsof is a UNIX tool which is capable of listing the files a particular process opens - including even the files being accessed from remote connections, such as NFS, and iTunes in our case. Some short explanations of the parameters used:
filename=.bashrc.txt; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=.bashrc.txt.tar; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=~/.bashrc; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=~/.bashrc.txt.tar; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=bashrc.txt; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=bashrc.txt.tar; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=~/bashrc; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
filename=~/bashrc.txt.tar; echo "filename: $filename"; tmp1=${filename##*/};tmp2=${tmp1:1};filename_noextension=$(echo -n ${tmp1:0:1};echo ${tmp2%.*}); echo "filename without extension: $filename_noextension"
As pointed out by Hawker65 in the comment of chepner answer, the most voted solution does neither take care of multiple extensions (such as filename.tar.gz), nor of dots in the rest of the path (such as this.path/with.dots/in.path.name).A possible solution is:
Every programmer needs to be able to edit and save text files. Python programs are files with the .py extension that contain lines of Python code. Python IDLE gives you the ability to create and edit these files with ease.
The customization of the keyboard shortcuts is very similar to the customization of syntax highlighting colors. Unfortunately, IDLE does not allow you to install custom keyboard shortcuts from a file. You must create a custom set of shortcuts from the Keys tab.
All file systems follow the same general naming conventions for an individual file: a base file name and an optional extension, separated by a period. However, each file system, such as NTFS, CDFS, exFAT, UDFS, FAT, and FAT32, can have specific and differing rules about the formation of the individual components in the path to a directory or file. Note that a directory is simply a file with a special attribute designating it as a directory, but otherwise must follow all the same naming rules as a regular file. Because the term directory simply refers to a special type of file as far as the file system is concerned, some reference material will use the general term file to encompass both concepts of directories and data files as such. Because of this, unless otherwise specified, any naming or usage rules or examples for a file should also apply to a directory. The term path refers to one or more directories, backslashes, and possibly a volume name. For more information, see the Paths section.
Character count limitations can also be different and can vary depending on the file system and path name prefix format used. This is further complicated by support for backward compatibility mechanisms. For example, the older MS-DOS FAT file system supports a maximum of 8 characters for the base file name and 3 characters for the extension, for a total of 12 characters including the dot separator. This is commonly known as an 8.3 file name. The Windows FAT and NTFS file systems are not limited to 8.3 file names, because they have long file name support, but they still support the 8.3 version of long file names.
Do not end a file or directory name with a space or a period. Although the underlying file system may support such names, the Windows shell and user interface does not. However, it is acceptable to specify a period as the first character of a name. For example, ".temp".
A long file name is considered to be any file name that exceeds the short MS-DOS (also called 8.3) style naming convention. When you create a long file name, Windows may also create a short 8.3 form of the name, called the 8.3 alias or short name, and store it on disk also. This 8.3 aliasing can be disabled for performance reasons either systemwide or for a specified volume, depending on the particular file system.
Files using long file names can be copied between NTFS file system partitions and Windows FAT file system partitions without losing any file name information. This may not be true for the older MS-DOS FAT and some types of CDFS (CD-ROM) file systems, depending on the actual file name. In this case, the short file name is substituted if possible.
Each component of a path will also be constrained by the maximum length specified for a particular file system. In general, these rules fall into two categories: short and long. Note that directory names are stored by the file system as a special type of file, but naming rules for files also apply to directory names. To summarize, a path is simply the string representation of the hierarchy between all of the directories that exist for a particular file or directory name. 2b1af7f3a8